Multidisciplinary strategies in guided tissue regeneration: dentistry, biology, and bioengineering
Keywords:
Guided tissue regeneration, Periodontics, Biomaterials, Membranes, Guided bone regenerationAbstract
Objective: To synthesize the scientific advancements of the last decade in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR), analyzing the evolution of membranes, biomolecules, platelet concentrates, nanomaterials, and biofabricated scaffolds from a translational research perspective. Data collection method: A narrative review of the literature published between 2016 and 2025 was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Scopus databases. The search employed controlled terms and technical descriptors related to periodontics and biomaterials, prioritizing systematic reviews, consensus documents, and high-impact experimental studies. Development: The findings confirm that resorbable collagen membranes remain the gold standard due to their biocompatibility, while e-PTFE membranes are reserved for critical space maintenance. The use of adjuvants, such as Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), enhances clinical attachment gain and bone fill. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials (bioactive glasses and nano-hydroxyapatite) and 3D printing has enabled the development of smart scaffolds that modulate the immune response and provide targeted pro-regenerative ionic release. Conclusions: The success of modern GTR/GBR demands interdisciplinary planning and a rational selection of active biomaterials. Although biofabrication and nanotechnology offer promising personalized solutions, their definitive clinical integration requires robust randomized clinical trials, standardization of protocols, and cost-effectiveness analyses to ensure predictability and safety in routine dental practice.
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