Sistemas de liberación de fármacos en superficies de titanio para implantes dentales: revisión narrativa
Palabras clave:
Sistemas liberadores de fármacos, Recubriminetos, Implantes dentales, Biopelícula, Adhesión bacterianaResumen
Objetivo: Analizar las principales estrategias de liberación controlada y entrega dirigida de fármacos desde superficies de titanio, orientadas a inhibir la adhesión bacteriana, prevenir la formación de biopelículas y optimizar la osteointegración en implantología dental. Método de recolección de datos : Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en bases de datos especializadas, incluyendo MEDLINE vía PubMed, Scopus y Embase. Se empleo una combinación de estratégicos términos de búsqueda controlados (Mesh y Emtree) centrados en conceptos clave como “dental implant”, “implant”, “drug delivery Systems”, “drug release”, “bacterial adhesión” y “biofilm”. Desarrollo: Los hallazgos identifican diversas arquitecturas de recubrimientos, dese modificaciones como nanotubos de TiO 2 y precipitados biomiméticos, hasta sistemas avanzados como nanofibras electrohiladas, hidrogeles, películas y nanopartículas. Se destaca el papel de las nanopartículas órgánicas como vehículos versátiles para la administración focalizada de antibióticos, permitiendo superar las limitaciones de la administración sistémica. Conclusiones: Los sistemas liberadores de fármacos constituyen una solución complementaria eficaz para el diseño de implantes bioactivos. El progreso del área depende de la validación in vivo y la optimización de la durabilidad de estos recubrimientos para asegurar una traslación clínica efectiva, con el fin de conferir propiedades bactericidas persistentes y garantizar la estabilidad del implante a largo plazo.
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