Stress and Fear in Immigrant Communities: Implications for Health and Human Development
Keywords:
Stress, Fear, Immigrants, HealthAbstract
The experience of immigrant families under growing immigration enforcement policies were explored to better understand the health implications that anti-immigrant policies may have on children, their families, and the wider social fabric of the immigrant community in Tucson, Arizona. A community based participation action research approach helped researchers formulate questions and organize focus groups to capture the nuances of mixed immigration status families—the varied legal status of family members within households—a condition attributed to decades of migration in response to the U.S. demand for labor and progressive impoverishment in less developed nations. Focus group texts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Among the most notable results included the remarkably high stress experienced by immigrant families, especially among those headed by women. Implications of fear-invoking stress for immigrants include greater threats to psychological and physical well being important for health and human development.
Downloads
References
Aponte-Rivera, V. R., and B. W. Dunlop, (2011) Public health consequences of state immigration laws. South Med J 104 (11): 718-9.
Bourdieu, P., (1989) Outline of a Theory of Practice Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, E., and H. Yu., (2002) “Latinos’ Access to Employment-based Health Insurance” in M. M. S.-O. a. M. M. Páez (eds.), Latinas/os: Remaking of America. Berkeley, CA and London: University of California Press.
Capps, R. et. al., (2007) Paying the Price: The Impact of Immigration Raids on America’s Children. Washington, DC: The Urban Institure/ National Council of La Raza (NCLR).
Carvajal, S. et al., (2012) “The Border Community and Immigration Stress Scale: A Preliminary Examination of a Community Responsive Measure in Two Southwest Samples” in Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health:1-10.
Chavez, L.; Cornelius, W. and O. Jones, (1985) “Mexican immigrants and the utilization of U.S. health services: the case of San Diego” in Soc Sci Med 21 (1):93-102.
Chavez, L.; Cornelius, W. and O. Jones, (1986) “Utilization of health services by Mexican immigrant women in San Diego” in Women Health 11 (2):3-20.
Chin, G.; Hessick, C. and M. Miller, (2012) “Arizona Senate Bill 1070: Politics through Immigration Law” in Santa Ana O. and C. González de Bustamante (eds.), Arizona Firestorm: Global Immigration Realities, National Media & Provincial Politics. Lanham MD Rowman & Littlefield.
Cornelius, W., (1982) “Interviewing Undocumented Immigrants: Methodological Reflections Based on Fieldwork in Mexico and the U.S.” in International Migration Review 16 (2.):378-411.
Crowley, M., Lichter, D. and Z. Qian, (2006) “Beyond Gateway Cities: Economic Restructuring and Poverty Among Mexican Immigrant Families and Children” in Family Relations, 55 (3):345-360.
Fix, M. and W. Zimmermann, (2001) “All under One Roof: Mixed-Status Families in an Era of Reform” in International Migration Review 35 (2):397-419.
Goldsmith, P. et al., (2009) “Ethno-Racial Profiling and State Violence in a Southwest Barrio” in Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies, 34 (1):93- 124.
Hackenberg, R.; Murphy, A. and H. Selby, (1984) “The Urban Household in Dependent Development” in Netting, R.; Wilk, R. and E. Arnould (eds.), Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hacker, K. et al., (2011) “The impact of Immigration and Customs Enforcement on immigrant health: perceptions of immigrants in Everett, Massachusetts, USA” in Social Science Medicine 73 (4):586-94.
Hacker, C., (2011) Public health consequences of state immigration laws: a commentary. [Comment]. South Medical Journal, 104(11), 720-721.
Harnett, H., (2008) “State and Local Anti-Immigrant Initiatives: Can They Withstand Legal Scrutiny?” in Widener Law Journal 17:365-382.
Heyman, J., (1991) Life and Labor on the Border. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Inda, J., (2006) Targeting Immigrants: Government, Technology, and Ethics. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Institute for Alternative Futures (2012) Community Health Centers Leveraging the Social Determinants of Health. Alexandria, VA. March 2012.
Kaplan, M. et al., (2004) The Association Between Length of Residence and Obesity Among Hispanic Immigrants in American Journal of Prevenetive Medicine. 27 (4): 323 – 326.
Kilty, K. and M. Vidal de Haymes, (2000) “Racism, Nativism, and Exclusion: Public Policy, Immigration and the Latino Experience in the United States” in Journal of Poverty 4 (1/2):1-25.
Krippendoff, K., (2004) Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Larchanche, S., (2012) “Intangible obstacles: health implications of stigmatization, structural violence, and fear among undocumented immigrants in France” in Social Science Medicine 74 (6):858-63.
Legislatures, National Conference of State, (2012) Immigration Enactments Database. Available from http://www.ncsl.org/issues- research/immig/immigration-laws-database.aspx. [Cited December 14, 2012 2012].
Maiter, S. et. al., (2008) “Reciprocity: An Ethic for Community-based Participatory Action Research” in Action Research 6 (6):305-325.
Marchevsky, A. and J. Theoharis (2008) “Dropped From the Rolls: Mexican Immigrants, Race, and Rights in the Era of Welfare Reform” in Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 15 (3):71- 96.
Michelson, M. (2001) “The Effect of National Mood on Mexican American Political Opinion” in Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 23 (1): 57- 70.
Netting, R; Wilk, R. and E. Arnould, (1984) “Introduction” in Netting, R.; Wilk, R. and E. Arnould (eds.), The Urban Household in Dependent Development. In Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
O’Leary, A., (2006) “Social Exchange Practices among Mexican-origin Women in Nogales, Arizona: Prospects for Education Acquisition” in Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 31 (1):63-94.
(2009) “Arizona’s Legislative-Imposed Injunctions: Implications for Immigrant Civic and Political Participation” in Series on Latino Migrant Civic and Political Participation Washington: Wilson Center.
O’Leary, A. and A. Romero, (2011) “Chicana/o Students Respond to Arizona’s Anti–Ethnic Studies Bill, SB 1108: Civic Engagement, Ethnic Identity, and Well-being” in Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies, 36 (1):9-36.
O’Leary, A. and A. Sanchez, (2011) “Anti-Immigrant Arizona: Ripple Effects and Mixed Immigration Status Households under Policies of Attrition Considered” in Journal of Borderland Studies 26 (1):115-133.
(2012) “Mixed Immigration Status Households in the Context of Arizona’s Anti-Immigrant Policies” in Verea, M. (ed.), Antiimigrant sentiments, actions and policies in North America and the European Union. Mexico City: Centro de Investigación sobre América del Norte (CISAN) de la Universidad Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM).
O’Leary, A.; Ciria G. and A. Sanchez, (2013) “Reflections on Methodological Challenges in a Study of Immigrant Women and Reproductive Health in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region” in O’Leary, A.; Deeds, C. and S. Whiteford (eds.), Uncharted Terrains: New Directions in Border Research Methodology, Ethics, and Practice. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Pew (2007) National Survey of Latinos: As Illegal Immigration Issue Heats Up, Hispanics Feel a Chill. Pew Research.
Plascencia, L., (2009) “The “Undocumented” Mexican Migrant Question: Re-examining the Framing of Law and Illegalization in the United States” in Urban Anthropology 38 (2-4):378-344.
Rabiee, F., (2004) “Focus-group Interview and Data Analysis” in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63:655–660.
Romero, M., (2008) “The Inclusion of Citizenship Status in Intersectionality: What Immigration Raids Tells Us about Mixed-Status Families, the State, and Assimilation” in International Journal of the Family 34 (2):131-152.
Roshania, R.; Narayan, K. and R. Oza-Frank, (2008) “Age at Arrival and Risk of Obesity Among U.S. Immigrants” in Obesity, 16 (12): 2669-75.
Short, R. and L. Magaña, (2002) “Political Rhetoric, Immigration Attitudes, and Contemporary Prejudice: A Mexican American Dilemma” in Journal of Social Psychology 142 (6):701-712.
Stemler, S., (2001) “An Overview of Content Analysis” in Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation (17), http://PAREonline.net/ getvn.asp?v=7&n=17.
Talavera, V., (2008) Factors Affecting Health Behaviors in Mexican Immigrant Households: A Case Study Approach Conducted in the Rural U.S.-Mexican Border Community of Tornillo, Texas. Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG.
Vaughan, J. (2006) “Attrition Through Enforcement: A Cost-Effective Strategy to Shrink the Illegal Population” in Backgrounder. Washington, D.C.: Center for Immigration Studies.
Vélez-Ibáñez, C., (1996) Border Visions: Mexican Cultures of the Southwest United States. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Vidal de Haymes, M. et al., (2011) “Family Cohesion and Social Support: Protective Factors for Acculturation Stress Among Low-Acculturated Mexican Migrants” in Journal of Poverty 15:1-24.
Viruell-Fuentes, E. and A. Schulz, (2009) “Toward a dynamic conceptualization of social ties and context: implications for understanding immigrant and Latino health” in American Journal of Public Health 99 (12):2167-75.
Yoshikawa, H., (2011) Immigrants Raising Citizens: Undocumented Parents and Their Young Children. New York: Russell Sage.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Internacionales. Revista en Ciencias Sociales del Pacífico Mexicano

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.