Clinical care: Model for analyzing the current state of outcomes and nursing care in a post-requekettsia pediatric patient

Abstract

Introduction: This study was conducted on a pediatric patient diagnosed with Rickettsia and treated at a secondary-level hospital. The comprehensive assessment was based on Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory; the comprehensive assessment of the child and the interventions were grounded in critical thinking, the prioritization of needs, and the promotion of self-care from a humanistic perspective. Objective: To develop a nursing care plan based on the AREA (Analysis of Actual Expected Outcomes) model, integrating the standardized NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC taxonomies. Methodology: A descriptive clinical case study was conducted on a 2-year-old pediatric patient hospitalized with a diagnosis of rickettsiosis. At the time of assessment, the patient was in a state of convalescence, with mild neurological impairment and total dependence in mobility, communication, and psychomotor development. Data collection was conducted with the mother’s consent, ensuring confidentiality and anonymity in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.  The nursing care process was conducted based on an assessment of Dorothea Orem’s 8 self-care requirements and the NANDA, NOC, and NIC taxonomies. Results: Using a comprehensive assessment based on Dorothea Orem’s Theory of Self-Care Deficit, we were able to identify impairments in the patient’s fluid and food intake, elimination, mobility, communication, safety, and development. We identified delayed child development as the primary problem. Discussion: Studies have shown that strategies based on reasoning and the use of concept maps help improve the ability to identify priority problems and establish effective interventions. Conclusion: The AREA model proved to be an effective tool for organizing and prioritizing needs, establishing outcomes, and tracking progress.