Combination rules for Structures under Bidirectional Horizontal Seismic Excitations: AStatistical Assessment of Responses
Keywords:
Earthquakes, Ground motion, Seismic design, Seismic effects, Structural responseAbstract
In seismic engineering, the set of orthogonal principal axes of seismic excitations is defined based on the Arias intensity tensor. The principal axes are then employed in characterizing the seismic excitations and often interpreted as if the orientations of these axes represent the axes of the maximum, intermediate and minimum pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) responses. This interpretation of the principal axes is adopted in developing the extended complete quadratic combination (CQC) rule in the literature for evaluating the responses of structures under multicomponent orthogonal seismic excitations and used to select the critical angle of seismic incidence. However, the axis associated with the maximum PSA response often does not coincide with the major principal axis and, depends on the natural vibration period. The implication of this on the extended CQC rule is unknown. Furthermore, there is no guideline on how to select the magnitude of the response spectra for the two orthogonal horizontal directions that are to be used with the extended CQC rule. These motivated us to investigate the accuracy of this rule, the square-root-of-sum-of-squares rule and the percentage rules for estimating the responses under bidirectional horizontal seismic excitations, and their use together with uniform hazard spectra or design response spectrum. For the investigation, a set of about 600 actual strong ground motion records is employed. The analysis results provided the basis for specific recommendations on how to define the spectra for two orthogonal horizontal directions and how to correct the biases in these rules.
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