"Response Optimization by Taguchi Method of Segmented PID Controller for Water Heating System Stabilization"

Abstract

Thermal inertia in water heating systems affects the stability and accuracy of the response. This leads to an overshoot which, without cooling systems, increases the settling time. This study presents the optimization of the steady-state response and the reduction of overshoot in a 7-liter water heating system, using a segmented PID controller with integral gain reset and iteration speed adjustment. Taguchi matrices were employed to determine the optimal configuration of six input factors: the controller gains K_p, K_i, K_d, the sampling period T_s​, the power of the heating element ​P_c, and the angular speed w_a of the stirrer. The results reveal that the power of the heating element, the angular speed of the stirrer, and the integral gain have a significant impact on stability, measured through the standard deviation.