Fenotipo de virulencia, multirresistencia y tolerancia a desinfectantes de un aislado clínico de Pseudomonas fluorescens
Palabras clave:
Nosocomial, Patogenicidad, Patógeno, Pseudomonas, ResistenciaResumen
Pseudomonas fluorescens ha surgido como patógeno oportunista multiresistente, lo que advierte un riesgo para las infecciones intrahospitalarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el fenotipo de virulencia, resistencia a antibióticos y tolerancia a desinfectantes en una cepa de P. fluorescens aislada de infección intrahospitalaria. La resistencia a antibióticos, los factores de virulencia (enzimas, pigmentos, elementos de movilidad y estrés térmico) y la sensibilidad a desinfectantes convencionales se determinaron por pruebas fenotípicas. La cepa de P. fluorescens mostró un potencial patogénico adaptativo a 37 °C, caracterizado por la expresión de enzimas (hemolisina y fosfolipasa), producción de pigmentos (pioverdina, pioacinina), movilidad por flagelo y resistencia extendida frente a 16 antibióticos (correspondientes a ocho familias distintas). La tolerancia de P. fluorescens varió según el desinfectante (P ≤ 0.05); la solución de plata y el sanitizante en aerosol mostraron actividad biocida. La expresión simultánea de los factores de virulencia y la multirresistencia de P. fluorescens a temperatura fisiológica sugieren su papel como potencial peligro nosocomial. La solución de plata y la aerosolización son propuestas como estrategias alternativas para el diseño de protocolos de sanitización.
Descargas
Referencias
Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA). (2006). Reregistration eligibility decision for DDAC. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/ddac_red.pdf
Banerjee, A., Herrera-Vargas, I., Flores, M. E., Valenzuela, F., & Banerjee, S. (2026). Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cell-free extracts of thermotolerant bacteria: Antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 79, 100698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2025.100698
Briega, I., Garde, S., Sánchez, C., Rodríguez-Mínguez, E., Picon, A., & Ávila, M. (2025). Evaluation of biofilm production and antibiotic resistance/susceptibility profiles of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from milk and dairy products. Foods, 14(7), 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071105
Castañeda-García, A., Rodríguez-Rojas, A., Guelfo, J. R., & Blázquez, J. (2009). The glycerol-3-phosphate permease GlpT is the only fosfomycin transporter in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Bacteriology, 191(22), 6968–6974. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00748-09
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2020). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (30th ed., CLSI supplement M100). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
de Sousa, T., Hébraud, M., Alves, O., Costa, E., Maltez, L., Pereira, J. E., Martins, Â., Igrejas, G., & Poeta, P. (2023). Study of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived from urine samples. Microorganisms, 11(5), 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051345
Dirección General de Epidemiología. (2026). Anuario de morbilidad 1984–2024. Secretaría de Salud. https://epidemiologia.salud.gob.mx/anuario/html/index.html
Donnarumma, G., Buommino, E., Fusco, A., Paoletti, I., Auricchio, L., & Tufano, M. A. (2010). Effect of temperature on the shift of Pseudomonas fluorescens from an environmental microorganism to a potential human pathogen. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 23(1), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/039463201002300120
Edward, E. A., El Shehawy, M. R., Abouelfetouh, A., & Aboulmagd, E. (2023). Prevalence of different virulence factors and their association with antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Egypt. BMC Microbiology, 23, 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02897-8
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (2020). Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters (Version 10.0). EUCAST.
Fernández-Billón, M., Llambías-Cabot, A. E., Jordana-Lluch, E., Oliver, A., & Macià, M. D. (2023). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Biofilm, 5, 100129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100129
Gershman, M. D., Kennedy, D. J., Noble-Wang, J., Kim, C., Gullion, J., Kacica, M., Jensen, B., Pascoe, N., Saiman, L., McHale, J., Wilkins, M., Schoonmaker-Bopp, D., Clayton, J., Arduino, M., Srinivasan, A., & Pseudomonas fluorescens Investigation Team. (2008). Multistate outbreak of Pseudomonas fluorescens bloodstream infection after exposure to contaminated heparinized saline flush prepared by a compounding pharmacy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47(11), 1372–1379. https://doi.org/10.1086/592968
Glen, K. A., & Lamont, I. L. (2021). β-Lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Current status, future prospects. Pathogens, 10(12), 1638. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121638
Hossain, T. J. (2024). Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 14(2), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1556/1886.2024.00035
Huffer, S., Clark, M. E., Ning, J. C., Blanch, H. W., & Clark, D. S. (2011). Role of alcohols in growth, lipid composition, and membrane fluidity of yeasts, bacteria, and archaea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(18), 6400–6408. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00694-11
Jaouhar, S., Bouazziab, O. E., Hamzaouia, N., Benammiad, D., Toujamia, Z., Laarajc, S., Bouzidb, J., Saadiae, R., Rharibae, O., Chriquif, M., & Bekhti, K. (2026). Evaluation of disinfectant efficacy against bacterial strains isolated from hospital environments. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8, e2026314. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026314
Mączyńska, B., Jama-Kmiecik, A., Sarowska, J., Woronowicz, K., Choroszy-Król, I., Piątek, D., & Frej-Mądrzak, M. (2023). Changes in antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in a multi-profile hospital in years 2017–2022 in Wroclaw, Poland. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(15), 5020. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155020
Madi, A., Svinareff, P., & Orange, N. (2010). Pseudomonas fluorescens alters epithelial permeability and translocates across Caco-2/TC7 intestinal cells. Gut Pathogens, 2, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-4749-2-16
Merino, N., García-Castillo, C., Berdejo, D., Pagán, E., & García-Gonzalo, D. (2024). Comparative analysis of commercial cleaning and disinfection formulations and protocols for effective eradication of biofilms formed by a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain isolated from a poultry meat plant. Food Control, 164, 110614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110614
Morita, Y., Tomida, J., & Kawamura, Y. (2014). Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobials. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00422
Moursi, S. A., Saleem, M., Alharbi, M. S., Rakha, E., Alshmmari, A., Aboras, R., Hossaim, A., Alshubrum, S., Alnazaha, K., Alkhateeb, A., & Khaja, A. S. S. (2025). Resistance patterns and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients: A Saudi Arabian study. Scientific Reports, 15, 38118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18388-x
Nagai, K., Murata, T., Ohta, S., Zenda, H., Ohnishi, M., & Hayashi, T. (2003). Two different mechanisms are involved in the extremely high-level benzalkonium chloride resistance of a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. Microbiology and Immunology, 47(9), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03440.x
Nishimura, T., Hattori, K., Inoue, A., Ishii, T., Yumoto, T., Tsukahara, K., Nakao, A., Ishihara, S., & Nakayama, S. (2017). Bacteremia or pseudobacteremia? Review of Pseudomonas fluorescens infections. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 8(2), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.02.013
Pérez, S., Coto, O., Echemendía, M., & Ávila, G. (2015). Pseudomonas fluorescens, biological control or pathogen? Revista de Protección Vegetal, 30(3), 225–234.
Procop, G. W., Church, D. L., Hall, G. S., & Janda, W. M. (2017). Koneman. Diagnóstico microbiológico: Texto y atlas en color (7.ª ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Qassim, H., & Almawla, Y. (2021). Silver nanoparticles as antibacterial action against Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from burn infection. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 12578–12583.
Robinson, R. E., & Goldberg, J. B. (2026). Mechanisms of thermoregulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Bacteriology, 208(4), e00495-25. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00495-25
Salomoni, R., Léo, P., Montemor, A. F., Rinaldi, B. G., & Rodrigues, M. (2017). Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 1709–1718. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S133415
Scales, B. S., Dickson, R. P., LiPuma, J. J., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2014). Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27(4), 927–948. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00044-14
Scales, B. S., Erb-Downward, J. R., Huffnagle, I. M., LiPuma, J. J., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2015). Comparative genomics of Pseudomonas fluorescens subclade III strains from human lungs. BMC Genomics, 16, 1032. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2261-2
Silverio, M. P., Kraychete, G. B., Rosado, A. S., & Bonelli, R. R. (2022). Pseudomonas fluorescens complex and its intrinsic, adaptive, and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in pristine and human-impacted sites. Antibiotics, 11(8), 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11080985
Silverio, M. P., Schultz, J., Parise, M. T. D., Parise, D., Viana, M. V. C., Nogueira, W., Ramos, R. T. J., Góes-Neto, A., Azevedo, V. A. C., Brenig, B., Bonelli, R. R., & Rosado, A. S. (2025). Genomic and phenotypic insight into antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens from King George Island, Antarctica. Frontiers in Microbiology, 16, 1535420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535420
Sousa-Silva, M., Simoes, M., Melo, L., Machado, I. (2018). Pseudomonas fluorescens tolerance to benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride: Altered phenotype and cross-resistance. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 15, 188-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.07.004
Syamimi, M.S., Ishamri, I., Nurhayati, Y., Abd, A., & Tang, J. Y. H. (2025). Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. aeruginosa contaminations of poultry and poultry products: A review on food safety and quality. International Food Research Journal, 32(3), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.32.3.01
Wang, J., Luo, Y., Gu, Y., & Wei, H. L. (2021). Characterization of the SPI-1 type III secretion system in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 749037. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.749037
Wong, V., Levi, K., Baddal, B., Turton, J., & Boswell, T. C. (2011). Spread of Pseudomonas fluorescens due to contaminated drinking water in a bone marrow transplant unit. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49(6), 2093–2096. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02559-10
Descargas
Publicado
Declaración de disponibilidad de datos
Todos los datos se encuentran en el manuscrito.
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 QUIBIOUAS Revista de Ciencias Químico Biológicas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
