Desarrollo y optimización de películas comestibles de almidón de maíz incorporando aceite esencial de citronela y nanopartículas de calcioalmidón de maíz incorporando aceite esencial de citronela y nanopartículas de calcio
Palabras clave:
Almidón, Propiedades Funcionales, Optimización, Superficie de respuestaResumen
Las películas comestibles (PCs) son capas delgadas de materiales orgánicos biodegradables que sirven como alternativa a los envases plásticos. Estas películas pueden basarse en proteínas, polisacáridos o lípidos. El almidón se destaca como material base debido a su capacidad para formar una barrera efectiva contra algunos gases, además de su alta solubilidad y flexibilidad. Para mejorar sus propiedades funcionales, se añaden compuestos como el aceite de citronela (AC), que ofrece propiedades hidrofóbicas y antimicrobianas, y nanopartículas de carbonato de calcio (NPCC), que refuerzan las propiedades mecánicas de las películas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo formular PCs con almidón de maíz nativo, AC y NPCC, y evaluar sus propiedades funcionales. Se realizó en dos etapas: en la primera, se elaboraron las PCs mediante la técnica de casting, evaluando diferentes concentraciones de AC (0-2%) y NPCC (0-2%) en permeabilidad al vapor de agua (PVA), solubilidad en agua (S), resistencia a la tracción (σ), elongación (ε) y módulo de Young (E). En la segunda etapa, se optimizó la formulación utilizando el método numérico de superficie de respuesta. Los resultados mostraron que un aumento en AC disminuyó PVA, S, σ y E, pero aumentó ε. Por otro lado, un aumento en NPCC redujo PVA y S ligeramente, pero aumentó E y σ, y disminuyó ε. Las condiciones óptimas de procesamiento fueron 1.38% de AC y 1.71% de NPCC, indicando que logran un balance entre propiedades funcionales, lo que sugiere que son una alternativa prometedora a los envases plásticos en la industria alimentaria
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