Cuantificación del contenido de ésteres de forbol por HPTLC en semillas de genotipos de Jatropha
Palabras clave:
Compuestos Antinutricionales, Ésteres de Forbol, HPTLC, Jatropha, ToxicidadResumen
La Jatropha pertenece a la familia Euphorbiceae e incluye especies de interés como Jatropha curcas, J. platyphylla y J. cinerea, cuyas semillas presentan potencial para la producción de biocombustibles por su valioso contenido de aceite (50-60 %) y para la elaboración de alimentos balanceados por su alto contenido de proteína cruda (25-30 %). Sin embargo, las semillas de Jatropha contienen compuestos antinutricionales y tóxicos tales como ésteres de forbol, comúnmente conocidos como promotores de cáncer, lo que limita su aprovechamiento industrial y alimentario si no se identifican adecuadamente, ya que su ausencia o presencia determina la necesidad de procesos de detoxificación previos a su uso. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar y validar un método analítico para la cuantificación de ésteres de forbol (PE) mediante cromatografía en capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC) en semillas de Jatropha de diferentes regiones de Sinaloa. Los resultados mostraron que Jatropha curcas-Capule, J. curcas-Imala y J. cinerea-La Campana presentaron concentraciones de 1.78 mg/g, 0.96 mg/g y 0.17 mg/g de ésteres de forbol, respectivamente. En contraste, en J. curcas-La Campana, J. platyphylla-La Campana y J. platyphylla-Mocorito no se detectaron niveles de estos compuestos. Estos hallazgos evidencian variaciones importantes en el contenido de ésteres de forbol entre genotipos, lo cual es relevante para su posible aprovechamiento y manejo.
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