Detección molecular de Treponema pallidum mediante PCR del gen tpn47 en sangre periférica de voluntarios atendidos en laboratorios clínicos de Culiacán
Palabras clave:
Treponema pallidum, epidemiología, TpN47, diagnóstico molecular, PCRResumen
La sífilis, causada por Treponema pallidum, es una infección de transmisión sexual reemergente en México cuyo diagnóstico convencional basado en pruebas serológicas presenta limitaciones de sensibilidad en ciertas etapas clínicas, especialmente en sangre periférica debido a la baja y transitoria carga bacteriana. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar ADN de T. pallidum mediante PCR convencional dirigida al gen tpn47 en 74 muestras de sangre periférica de individuos de Sinaloa, en un estudio transversal con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, cuyas muestras fueron obtenidas entre mayo y diciembre de 2023. Los participantes voluntarios fueron atendidos en el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la FCQB-UAS y laboratorios privados de Culiacán. La extracción de ADN se realizó mediante el método DTAB-CTAB y se amplificó un fragmento de 210 pb del gen diana, utilizando el gen β-actina como control interno para confirmar la ausencia de inhibidores de PCR. Se detectó ADN de T. pallidum en 8 de 74 muestras (10.8%; IC95%: 4.8–20.5%), con una positividad de 11.9% (5/42) en hombres y 9.4% (3/32) en mujeres; el 87.5% de los casos positivos (7/8) se concentró en el grupo de 16 a 23 años, con una edad promedio de 21 años (DE ±3.2), mientras que solo se identificó un caso en el grupo de 24 a 45 años. Se concluye que la PCR dirigida al gen tpn47 es útil para la detección de ADN de T. pallidum en sangre periférica, y que la frecuencia observada en adultos jóvenes resalta la importancia de incorporar técnicas moleculares como complemento diagnóstico y herramienta de vigilancia epidemiológica de la sífilis en Sinaloa.
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