Prevención del oscurecimiento enzimático de rebanadas de manzana por efecto de un tratamiento hidrotérmico, N-acetilcisteína y cloruro de calcio
Palabras clave:
Manzana mínimamente procesada, Tratamiento hidrotérmico, Sales de calcio, AntioxidantesResumen
El procesamiento mínimo de la manzana favorece el oscurecimiento enzimático y el ablandamiento, reduciendo la calidad y limitando su vida de anaquel. Numerosas investigaciones se enfocan en la búsqueda de tratamientos para controlar estos problemas. Una combinación prometedora es el tratamiento hidrotérmico (TH) con antioxidantes y sales de calcio. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un tratamiento hidrotérmico combinado con N-acetilcisteína y cloruro de calcio (CaCl2) sobre la calidad poscosecha y la actividad de enzimas relacionadas al oscurecimiento de rebanadas de manzana cv. Granny Smith. La fruta entera fue sometida a un tratamiento hidrotérmico (TH, 45 °C x 10 min), para posteriormente rebanarse y sumergirse durante 3 min en la solución de N-acetilcisteína y cloruro de calcio (NAC-CaCl2). Enseguida, las rebanadas tratadas fueron empacadas en charolas poliméricas y almacenadas a 4 ºC durante 24 días. Se realizaron retiros del almacenamiento cada 6 días y se evaluaron las concentraciones de O2 y CO2 dentro del envase, así como firmeza, color, fenólicos totales y la actividad de polifenoloxidasa (PPO) y peroxidasa (POD). Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de TH+NAC-CaCl2 fue efectiva para mantener el color de las rebanadas de manzana y el contenido de fenólicos totales; además, redujo la actividad de PPO y de POD durante el almacenamiento a 4 °C. El tratamiento TH+NAC-CaCl2 puede ser empleado de manera efectiva para disminuir el oscurecimiento enzimático de rebanadas de manzana ya que conserva su color original y mantiene los parámetros de calidad por más tiempo.
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