Enterococcus faecium aisladas del contenido intestinal de Penaeus vannamei: propiedades de seguridad, tecnológicas y probióticas
Palabras clave:
Camarón , Enterococcus, Microbiota, ProbióticoResumen
La microbiota intestinal del camarón ha sido reconocida como fuente de bacterias probióticas útiles para su aplicación biotecnológica. El objetivo fue evaluar la sobrevivencia y actividad probiótica in vitro de cinco cepas ácido lácticas aisaldas de Penaeus vannamei. Las cepas fueron aisladas del intestino del camarón y analizadas mediante la secuenciación del gen ADNr 16S. La sobrevivencia de las cepas se evaluó mediante retos de acidez (pH 3, 5, 6 y 7), temperatura (4, 15, 30, 37 y 45 °C) y salinidad (4%, 6% y 8%NaCl) durante 12 h. La capacidad tecnológica, probiótica y seguridad de las cepas fueron derteminadas por diversas pruebas in vitro. Las cinco cepas nativas correspondieron a la orden Lactobacillales, y se relacionaron filogenéticamente (>99.9%) con la cepa E. faecium (DSM20477). El análisis multivariante indicó un carácter de sobrevivencia similar (≈ 94%) entre las cepas de E. faecium, cuya proliferación ocurre a condiciones >15 ºC, pH 5 - 7 y <6%NaCl. La capacidad probiótica vario entre las cepas de E. faecium (P <0.05) según las propiedades de hidrofobicidad, autoagregación, coagregación y antagónica (P >0.05). El potencial tecnológico de las cepas fue similar según su poder acidificante, proteolítico y lipolítico (P > 0.05). La sensibilidad a siete antibióticos y ausencia de hemólisis fue también observada en todas las cepas. Las características fisiológicas de las cepas autóctonas del intestino del camarón permiten proponerlas como potenciales agentes probióticos para el desarrollo de productos biotecnológicos.
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